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发表于 2005-8-3 11:41
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ABS MS刀匠考核办法
本文版权归属：http://www.americanbladesmith.com/ 所有
仅供大家参考，请勿转载，谢谢
本文是委托刀友[传情]及其夫人翻译，在此表示万分感谢
高级刀匠（MS刀匠）资格申请：
资格：申请人必须在成为熟练级别刀匠一年以后，才能进行申请高级刀匠测试的操作阶段；高级刀匠申请人必须成为熟练刀匠两年以后，才能在年度演示会议上提交自己的作品进行评估。
测试条件：
整个测试必须在一位ABS高级刀匠的监督管理下进行；
申请人必须与他（她）所选择的在测试中进行监督的高级刀匠事先预约；
对测试进行的地点没有限制，测试者和进行监督的高级刀匠双方认可即可；
在大部份或者整个测试阶段，测试者和监督刀匠都必须要求一个甚至更多的现场见证人，这必须得到监督试验的高级刀匠的赞成；
合理和适当的安全预防措施必须被遵循，在测试过程中出现任何意外伤害事故，申请人必须对此负责；
申请人有责任提供以下所有的安全设备，但并不仅限于此：安全防护眼镜，厚实的盖板，皮手套等等；
申请人必须亲自完成锻造和测试刀片的所有工作，其它任何人不能在这个锻造过程和热处理工作中给予帮助；
只有锻造的刀片才被测试，申请高级刀匠级别的测试者必须用焊接的大马士革刀片对测试刀的每一种特性进行测试。
一旦测试开始，任何针对测试刀片的工作都必须停止，包括轻轻打磨刀片；
测试申请人必须独自在高级刀匠的监督下处理整个测试过程，任何人不得在测试过程的任一部分进行帮助，包括负责监督的高级刀匠，除了象在绳切断程序里提供的那样的切断绳的试验。特别例外适合于有残疾的申请人，为了完成那些测试需要得到帮助，这必须事先得到ABS主席的认可。
测试刀说明：
－刀总长度：最长15英寸
－刀片宽度：最多两英寸
－刀片长度：从刀尖到柄最多10英寸，
－刀柄构造：对刀柄构造没有限制，
－刀把原材料没有限制，申请者自己选择
－刀片原材料：任何图案的焊接的大马士革钢压制成超过300层，钢材或图案的任意搭配都是允许的，大马士革不可能被锤打成有轴心的薄钢片，例如San MAI建筑式样。
注意：申请高级刀匠测试刀必须与一根“棍”或隐藏强烈气味的刀柄锻造在一起，有强烈气味的刀的是不能被做为测试刀的。如果刀片是松松地绑在刀柄上，或者负责监督的高级刀匠判定有不安全因素，那么测试刀可能会被拒绝参加测试，这不能被当作是一次参加测试的失败，当将刀柄的不紧密性改造到负责监督的高级刀匠满意时，申请人就可以继续测试。
附加测试：
谨慎的高级刀匠或许会对申请人进行附加测试
A．锻造焊接任意形状的锤打成薄片的刀片
B．要求通过笔试；
测试：
申请人必须提供必需的原材料：
－ABS测试申请表
－所有的安全装备包括防护眼镜，厚重的盖板，手套，等等；
－直径至少一英寸以上的足够长度的麻绳或者棕绳一根
－申请人自己选择的一块2＊4结构，四英尺以上长的建筑用木块，
－申请人的测试刀。对刀柄没有特殊要求，这是关于性能的试验，测试刀最终会在测试的过程中被损坏。
－当并非正式测试的一部分时，鼓励申请人带来几把已完成的刀，这样高级刀匠可以检查手工制刀的质量，适合的程度，完成的情况，设计等等。来自高级刀匠的反馈将帮助申请人更好地评估自己的工作质量（设计，细节，完成情况，等等），以便在ABS年度演示会上更容易达到ABS裁判委员会的标准。
测试必须按以下顺序进行：
注意：除了绳切断程序，所有的测试必须由申请人独立完成，高级刀匠做为ABS官方现场人员对整个测试过程做监督和服务。
1、绳切断测试：这个测试是为了检测边缘锻造的几何特性和锋利程度。
申请人负责提供测试用绳，并且保证绳的直径至少为一英寸。如果申请人带来的测试用绳直径超过一英寸，测试结果也按直径为一英寸绳的标准评定。测试绳以安全的方式悬挂，绳被切的那一端松松地悬挂，注意不要碰到地面或其它物品。做为一种安全防护措施，在整个绳切断测试过程中，任何人不能用手牵绳。测试绳牵挂的一端用带子做记号，或有专门人员负责清楚标示需要切割区域。从自由悬挂处到被切割处必须至少大约为六英寸，申请人至少切割一刀。申请人瞄准标识处可以有左右两英寸的出入，这是被允许的。申请人必须1 次切割将绳切断成两节。如果申请人一次切割没有成功，高级刀匠可以允许第二次尝试，然而，如果高级刀匠认为第一次尝试失败的原因是在于申请人缺乏技巧或力量，高级刀匠可以用测试刀尝试绳割断程序。这是个关于评价申请人造刀能力的测试，不是用刀去砍。如果申请人和高级刀匠都没有能切断绳子，申请人这次测试失败。
2、砍木头：试验的目的是证明刀片边缘坚韧
砍的试验是用2＊4结构的建筑用木块完成的，木块可以用手拿着，也可以用老虎钳或其它安全设施夹着，使用砍的动作（而不是削）。对木块至少进行两次砍的动作，申请人选择木块合适的范围进行砍。完成砍测试后，高级刀匠检查刀片边缘，看刀片是否有明显的损伤。任何刻痕、片状，平的点，卷的边缘，或者刀片的其他变形将导致测试失败。
3、刮头发：这次试验的目的是证明刀的边缘延展性
在高级刀匠检验过刀片质量后，将刀交还这给申请人。申请人用刀在切和砍测试过程中最被常用的那部分刮头发。要刮足够多的头发来证明刀片边缘的坚固和锋利。
4、弯曲：这个目的是为了显示申请人能够用软的背面和硬的边缘对刀进行热处理。
检测刀的弯曲是测试的最后一项。为了安全起见，安全防护应该被佩戴，为了谨慎起见，申请人和高级刀匠都应该在进行刀弯曲测试之前，事先将刀锋钝化。高级刀匠在大约离刀锋三分之一处画线做记号，然后将刀片插入一把老虎钳中，刀尖最先被插入，这样刀片记号朝上地被送入老虎钳。当弯曲试验刀时，如果老虎钳很粗糙，则需要加塞光滑物质到夹住刀片部份的老虎钳的两侧以保护刀片。通过在老虎钳柄上用力，将刀片弯曲。在没有安全风险情况下，杠杆器材例如管子是允许被使用的。能否使用这个设备取决于申请人是否有危险，并且是在负责监督的高级刀匠的允许下使用的。申请人将刀弯曲到90度，当弯曲90度的角度达到时，负责监督的高级刀匠将向申请人示意。在刀弯曲测试中，刀片的某些边缘裂缝是被允许的，但是裂縫范围不能超过刀片宽度的三分之二。然而，如果刀片的任一部份裂成片状，或者是刀片的任一部份散发出强烈的气味，那么申请人的测试就失败了。由于刀片的尺寸大小、几何形状、原材料的极大差异，高级刀匠根据他的判断，来确定是否这条裂缝线的范围或者位置是可接受的。高级刀匠的决定将做为最终的结果。
继试验的完成之后：
在所有的试验通过之后，负责监督的高级刀匠在申请人的申请表格上签上名字和通过测试日期。
演示要求：
申请人在ABS年度演示和会议上被要求当面提供已签字的ABS测试表格和测试刀。在刀的测试完成后，关于刀的任何方式的改动都是不允许的。如果由于特殊原因申请人不能亲自到现场参加，申请人必须事先与ABS的主席联系，得到他的许可提交刀到现场参加测评。申请人必须提交至少五把不同形状的完成锻造的刀给ABS的测试小组进行测评，其中至少一把必须是艺术刀以满足ABS的关于锻造300或更多层的传统图案焊接大马士革欧洲Quillon 类型短剑的要求，(见所附欧洲Quillion 短剑的草图， 这只是一个样品，护套不做要求.) 只有2本文件将被允许，此外不允许提交短柄斧或者战斧。
其它要提交的刀可以是其它类型的钢材，例如碳钢、传统大马士革钢、电报大马士革钢，印度钢，SAN MAI压制或其它的申请人自由选择的锻造刀片等等，但并不仅限于这些材料。要求这些刀本质上是不同的样式或者设计，这个要求将促使高级刀匠申请人有才能创造出更优秀，更经典的刀片设计。
提交的刀一定是申请人独立完成的。
建议申请人只提交能够显示他最高工作能力的已完成的刀，因为提交的全部刀将被测试，并且任何一把刀的失败都可能导致申请人这部分测试的失败，申请人应该仔细研究附上的测评指南。
时间限制：
如果申请人没有通过完成测试，他（她）就不能在ABS年度演示和会议上提交刀进行测评，申请人必须在完成测试失败之日算起六个月后，才能再次提出申请进行完成测试。申请人通过完成测试之日算起，三年内可以提交他（她）的测试刀片和五把已完成的刀参加ABS年度演示会的最终评估。如果申请人不能在一个三年的时间段内完成测试的两个阶段，申请人必须重新申请再次通过完成测试，高级刀匠负责通知ABS办公室完成测试通过或失败的结果。鼓励高级刀匠帮助那些在操作实验中失败的申请人，获取必要的技巧和知识，在下一次测试中达到操作试验的标准。六个月后，申请人将在同一个高级刀匠或他所选择的另外的任一高级刀匠的监督下重新进行测试。
年度演示会免责声明：
ABS不确定什么时候在什么地点举行年度演示会。由于日期的变化，一些申请人可能感到不方便，并且有时会发现他们在合格地晋升为ABS高级刀匠前，所等待的时间比预期的持续时间更长。
全美刀匠协会
MASTER SMITH APPLICANT
ELIGIBILITY:
Before standing for the performance portion of the test for Master Smith, the applicant must have been a Journeyman Smith for one (1) full year. The Master Smith applicant must have held the rank of Journeyman Smith for two (2) full years, before presenting his work for evaluation at the Annual Show and Meeting.
TESTING CONDITIONS:
This test must be observed and administered by an ABS Master Smith.
The applicant must make prior arrangements with the Master Smith whom he/she selected to supervise the performance test.
Any suitable location for the test is permitted, as long as it is mutually agreed upon by the applicant and the Master Smith supervising the test.
Either the supervising Master Smith or the applicant may request that one or more witnesses be present during any or all testing procedures. This must meet with the approval of the Master Smith supervising the test.
Reasonable and appropriate safety precautions must be followed. The applicant assumes responsibility for any injury incurred while performing the test. The applicant is further responsible for providing all safety equipment such as, but not limited to; safety glasses, a heavy shop apron, leather gloves, etc.
The applicant must have personally forged and performed all work on the test blade, with no other person physically assisting in its construction or heat-treating.
Only forged blades may be tested. Applicants for Master Smith rating must test with a pattern welded Damascus blade per the test knife specifications.
Once the test begins no work, not even light stropping, may be done to the test blade.
The applicant alone must conduct the test of the blade s performance under the supervision of the Master Smith. No other person is to conduct any portion of the test, including the supervising Master Smith, except for the rope-cutting test as specifically provided in the rope cutting procedure. A special exception may be obtained for an applicant who has a disability that requires accommodation in order to perform the test. Such an exception must have prior approval from the Chairman of the ABS.
TEST KNIFE SPECIFICATIONS:
Overall Length of Knife: Maximum fifteen (15) inches.
Blade Width: Maximum two (2) inches.
Blade Length: Maximum of ten (10) inches from point to the beginning of either the guard, bolster, or handle of the blade.
Handle Configuration:
The Master Smith applicant must test with a "stick tang" knife. Any handle configuration is acceptable with or without a guard, bolsters, ferrule, etc. Handle material is irrelevant and solely the choice of the applicant.
Blade Material:
Any pattern welded Damascus steel with more than 300 welded laminations. Combination of steels or pattern used in the billet is irrelevant. The Damascus may not be laminated to a central core steel piece, such as San Mai construction.
*NOTE:
The Master test knife must be forged with a "stick" or hidden tang handle. A full tang is not acceptable as a test knife. If a blade is loose in the handle, or in the judgment of the supervising Master Smith presents a risk, the knife may be refused for testing. This does not count as a failure to pass the test. The applicant may proceed with the test when any such handle looseness is corrected to the satisfaction of the supervising Master Smith.
SUPPLEMENTAL TEST:
The applicant may be required at the Master Smiths discretion:
a. To forge weld a laminated blade of any style.
b. To pass a verbal quiz.
TESTING:
The applicant must supply materials needed:
- The ABS test form application.
- All safety equipment including safety glasses, heavy shop aprons, gloves, etc.
- A sufficient length of one (1) inch minimum diameter sisal or manila rope
- A four foot or longer length of 2x4 construction grade wood stud of the applicant s choice.
- The applicant's test knife. No special handle or finish is required. This is a test of performance, and the test knife will ultimately be destroyed in the testing process.
While not a part of the formal test, the applicant is encouraged to bring several finished knives for the Master Smith to inspect for quality of workmanship, fit, finish, design, etc. The feedback from the Master Smith will help the applicant better evaluate I the quality of his or her work (design, detail, finish, etc.) is likely to meet the very high Master Smiths standards of the ABS Judges panel at the annual show.
The test must be conducted in the following sequence:
NOTE: ALL TESTS MUST BE PERFORMED BY THE APPLICANT, EXCEPT AS SPECIFICALLY PROVIDED FOR IN THE ROPE CUTTING. THE MASTER SMITH IS TO SUPERVISE AND SERVE AS THE OFFICIAL ABS WITNESS.
1. ROPE CUTTING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO TEST THE EDGE GEOMETRY AND SHARPNESS.
Applicant is responsible for supplying the test rope and ensuring that it is a minimum of one (1) inch in diameter. If the applicant brings a larger rope, the applicant will be judged using the same criteria as though the rope was one inch in diameter. The rope is to be hung in a safe manner, so that the end of the rope to be cut hangs loose without touching the floor or any other object. As a safety precaution, the rope is not to be hand held by another person during the rope-cutting test. The hanging end of the rope is to be marked with tape or a marker to clearly indicate the area that is to be cut. The cut must be approximately six (6) inches from the end of the free hanging rope. A minimum of one (1) cut must be made.
The applicant is to aim at the mark with a two (2) inch margin of high or low being acceptable. The applicant must sever the rope in two with one stroke. If the applicant fails on the first attempt, the Master Smith will allow two more attempts. However, if the Master Smith believes that the failure to sever the rope is due to the lack of skill or strength of the applicant, the Master Smith may attempt the rope cutting with the test knife. This is a test of the applicant s ability to make a knife, not to cut with it. If neither the applicant nor the Master Smith successfully cuts the rope, the applicant fails.
2. WOOD CHOPPING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO DEMONSTRATE EDGE TOUGHNESS.
The chopping test is to be conducted with 2x4 construction grade wood stud of the applicant s choice. The 2x4 may be either hand held or clamped into a vise or other safe devise. A chopping motion (no whittling) is to be used. The 2x4 must be chopped completely through a minimum of two (2) times. The applicant may choose the area of the 2x4 to chop through.
Following the chopping test, the Master Smith will inspect the edge to determine if there is any noticeable damage to the blade. Any nicks, chips, flat spots, rolled edges, or other deformations of the blade will result in failing the test.
3. SHAVING HAIR: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO DEMONSTRATE EDGE RETENTION.
After the Master Smith approves the quality of the edge, the blade will be returned to the applicant. The applicant must then shave hair using the section of the blade that was most frequently used in the cutting and chopping portions of the test. Enough hair must be shaved to demonstrate that the edge remains keen and shaving sharp.
4. BENDING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO SHOW THAT THE APPLICANT IS ABLE TO HEAT TREAT A KNIFE WITH A SOFT BACK AND A HARD EDGE.
The bending of the blade is the final test. Safety gear should be worn. At the discretion of the applicant or the Master Smith, the edge may be dulled prior to bending.
The Master Smith will mark a line across the width of the blade approximately 1/3 distance from the tip of the blade. The blade will then be inserted into a vise, tip first, such that the blade is placed into the vise up to the mark on the blade. If the vise jaws are rough, smooth metal inserts shall be located on each side of the clamped portion of the blade to protect the test knife.
The blade shall be bent by force applied to the handle. A leverage device such as a pipe may be used as long as it does not pose a safety risk. The use of such a device is at the sole risk of the applicant and at the discretion of the supervising Master Smith.
The applicant will then bend the blade ninety (90)degrees. The supervising Master Smith will signal the applicant when the ninety (90) degree angle has been reached.
The blade is allowed to crack at the edge on bending but not beyond approximately two thirds (2/3rds) the width of the blade. However, if any part of the blade chips or any part of the blade or tang breaks off, the applicant fails. Because of the many variables in the size,
Geometry, and temper line of the blade, the Master Smith using his/her judgment, shall determine if the extent or location of the fracture line is acceptable. The decision of the Master Smith is final.
FOLLOWING THE COMPLETION OF THE TEST:
After satisfactorily passing the test, the supervising Master Smith will sign and date the applicant s test form.
SHOW REQUIREMENTS:
The applicant is responsible for presenting the signed ABS test form and the test blade in person at the ABS Annual Show and Meeting. No modification of any sort is to be made to the test blade following the completion of the test.
If the applicant cannot attend in person, due to special circumstances, the applicant must contact the Chairman of the ABS for permission to have the knives presented for judging.
The applicant must present at least five (5)completed forged knives of various styles. At least one of these must be an art knife meeting the ABS requirement of a traditional pattern welded Damascus European Quillon type dagger with three hundred (300) or more forged welded layers. (See attached sketch of a European Quillion Dagger. This is a sample only. Sheath not required.) Only 2 folders will be permitted and hatchets and tomahawks are not permissible.
The other knives submitted may be other types of steel such as, but not limited to, carbon steel, traditional Damascus, cable Damascus, Wootz, San Mai laminate or other forged blades of the applicant s choice. They should not be in essence the same knife style or design. This requirement will establish that the Master Smith applicant has the ability to make a wide range of classic blade designs.
All knives submitted must be exclusively the work of the applicant.
The applicant is advised to submit only completed knives that show the applicant's best work, as all knives submitted will be judged and the failure of any one knife may cause the applicant to fail this portion of the test. The applicant should carefully study the attached Judging Guidelines.
TIME LIMITS:
If the applicant does not pass the performance test, he or she may not present knives for judging at the ABS Annual Show and Meeting. The applicant is not permitted to retake the performance test until six (6) months have elapsed from the date of the failed performance test.
An applicant has three (3) years from the date of the performance test to present his or her test blade and five (5) completed knives at the ABS Annual Show and Meeting for final evaluation. If the applicant does not complete both phases of the test within a three (3) year time period, the applicant must reapply and complete the performance testing process again.
The Master Smith is responsible for notifying the ABS Office of the Pass or Fail Status of any applicant who takes the performance test. The Master Smith is encouraged to assist the applicant who has failed the performance test to gain the necessary skills or knowledge needed to satisfactorily meet the performance test criteria on his/her next testing. After six (6) months, the applicant may retest with the same Master Smith or any other Master Smith chosen by the applicant.
ANNUAL SHOW DISCLAIMER:
The ABS does not have control over where or when the annual show will be held. Because dates may vary, some applicants may be inconvenienced and find on occasion that they must wait longer than the expected duration before being eligible to stand for rating as an ABS Master Smith.
Good Luck!
The American Bladesmith Society, Inc. |
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发表于 2005-8-3 11:40
